Prevención De Los Trastornos De La Salud Mental

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Aten Primaria. 2012;44 Supl 1:52-56 ISSN: 0212-6567 Publicación Oficial de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria Atención Primaria Junio 2012 Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria Vol. 44. Extraordinario 1 www.semfyc.es Actualización 2012 PAPPS www.elsevier.es/ap www.elsevier.es/ap Incluida en MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, MEDES y SCIENCE CITATION INDEX EXPANDED GRUPOS DE EXPERTOS DEL PAPPS Prevención de los trastornos de la salud mental M.C. Fernández Alonso (Coordinadora del grupo), F. Buitrago Ramírez, R. Ciurana Misol, L. Chocrón Bentata, J. García Campayo, C. Montón Franco y J.L. Tizón García Grupo de Salud Mental del PAPPS /D2UJDQL]DFLyQ0XQGLDOGHOD6DOXG 206 GHÀQLyODVDOXG PHQWDOFRPR´XQHVWDGRGHELHQHVWDUHQHOTXHHOLQGLYLGXR HVFRQVFLHQWHGHVXVSURSLDVFDSDFLGDGHVSXHGHKDFHUIUHQWHDODVWHQVLRQHVQRUPDOHVGHODYLGDSXHGHWUDEDMDUGH IRUPDSURGXFWLYD\IUXFWtIHUD\HVFDSD]GHKDFHUXQDFRQWULEXFLyQDVXFRPXQLGDGµ /DVDOXGPHQWDOÀJXUDHQWUHORVREMHWLYRVSULRULWDULRVHQ VDOXGHQHOiPELWRHXURSHRSULRUL]DFLyQMXVWLÀFDGDSRUHO LPSDFWRHSLGHPLROyJLFRVRFLDO\HFRQyPLFRTXHORVWUDVWRUQRVPHQWDOHVFRPSRUWDQ ³ /  DDOWDSUHYDOHQFLDGHORVWUDVWRUQRVPHQWDOHVHVELHQ FRQRFLGD\VHVDEHTXHGHFDGDSHUVRQDVHQ(XURSD SDGHFHUiDORODUJRGHVXYLGDDOJ~QWUDVWRUQRPHQWDO(Q XQWUDEDMRUHDOL]DGRSRUOD206HO%DQFR0XQGLDO\OD 8QLYHUVLGDGGH+DUYDUGHQ1VHFRQFOX\HTXHWRGRV ORVWUDVWRUQRVPHQWDOHVLQFOX\HQGRHOVXLFLGLRFRQVWLWX\HQODVHJXQGDFDXVDGHFDUJDGHDOWHUDFLyQGHODVDOXG HQODVVRFLHGDGHVFRQHFRQRPtDVGHPHUFDGR6LVHFRQVLGHUDQORVWUDVWRUQRVGHIRUPDDLVODGDODGHSUHVLyQPD\RUXQLSRODURFXSDLJXDOPHQWHHOVHJXQGROXJDU ³ (OWUDVWRUQRPHQWDOVHDVRFLDDQLYHOHVVLJQLÀFDWLYRVGH GLVFDSDFLGDG\DXQHOHYDGRXVRGHVHUYLFLRVVDQLWDULRV\ VRFLDOHV. ³ /  RVWUDVWRUQRVPHQWDOHVWLHQHQXQDJUDQUHSHUFXVLyQQHJDWLYDHQODVDOXG\HQODFDOLGDGGHYLGDGHODVSHUVRQDV TXHORVVXIUHQ\VXSRQHQXQDLPSRUWDQWHFDUJDSDUDVXV IDPLOLDV ³ /RVFRVWHVGHORVSUREOHPDVGHVDOXGPHQWDOVHKDHVWLPDGRTXHRVFLODQHQWUHHO\HOGHOSURGXFWRQDFLRQDO EUXWRHQORVSDtVHVGHOHQWRUQRHXURSHR. 6LQGXGDHVWDVUD]RQHVMXVWLÀFDQHOFUHFLHQWHLQWHUpVTXH ODVDOXGPHQWDOKDVXVFLWDGRHQRUJDQL]DFLRQHV\JRELHUQRV GHORVSDtVHVGHQXHVWURHQWRUQRHVWDQGRFDGDYH]PiVSUHVHQWHHQODVSULRULGDGHVHQSROtWLFDVDQLWDULDDOPHQRVD QLYHOWHyULFR56LQHPEDUJRHQODSUiFWLFDD~QHVWDPRVOHMRV GHKDEODUGHLQWHUYHQFLRQHVDFWLYDVTXHDVHJXUHQXQDDFWXDFLyQLQWHJUDGDTXHDERUGHHOSUREOHPDGHVGHODSURPRFLyQODSUHYHQFLyQODGHWHFFLyQSUHFR]ODDVLVWHQFLDDO SURFHVRODUHLQVHUFLyQ\HODSR\RVRFLDODORVHQIHUPRV\D ODVIDPLOLDVGHVGHXQDSHUVSHFWLYDVRFLRVDQLWDULD\SVLFRWHUDSpXWLFDGRQGHVHFRQWHPSOHQODFRRUGLQDFLyQ\ODLQWHJUDFLyQGHFXLGDGRV (QHOPRPHQWRDFWXDODVLVWLPRVDVLWXDFLRQHVTXHSXGLHUDQSDUHFHUSDUDGyMLFDV Infratratamiento de los trastornos mentales graves.0XFKDV SHUVRQDVFRQWUDVWRUQRPHQWDOJUDYHQRUHFLEHQWUDWDPLHQWR SDUDpVWHDSHVDUGHH[LVWLUWUDWDPLHQWRVHÀFDFHVSDUDGLFKRVSURFHVRV$GHPiVHVIUHFXHQWHODUXSWXUDHQODFRQWLQXLGDGGHFXLGDGRV\HODEDQGRQRWHUDSpXWLFRHQSDFLHQWHV FRQWUDVWRUQRPHQWDOJUDYHFRQODVFRQVHFXHQFLDVTXHOD GHVHVWDELOL]DFLyQOOHYDFRQVLJR Psiquiatrización de la vida cotidiana.&DGDYH]PiVSHU VRQDVQRVRQFDSDFHVGHDIURQWDUHILFD]PHQWHODVVL WXDFLRQHVHVWUHVDQWHVGHODYLGDFRWLGLDQD SUREOHPDV UHODFLRQDOHVGXHORVIUDFDVRVUXSWXUDVUHYHVHVRFRQWUDULHGDGHV \UHFXUUHQDWUDWDPLHQWRVIDUPDFROyJLFRVQR MXVWLÀFDGRVFRQODFRQVLJXLHQWHPHGLFDOL]DFLyQGHHVWDV VLWXDFLRQHVYLWDOHV /DSULPHUDVLWXDFLyQHVPDVIUHFXHQWHHQHQWRUQRVGHVIDYRUHFLGRVVRFLDOPHQWHELHQHQHORULJHQRELHQVREUHYHQLGRVDFRQVHFXHQFLDGHOSURSLRWUDVWRUQRPHQWDO\OD VHJXQGDHQHQWRUQRVGHPD\RUHVWDWXVVRFLRHFRQyPLFR\ FXOWXUDOGRQGHFDGDYH]HVPDVEDMDODWROHUDQFLDDODIUXV- 0212-6567/$ - see front matter © 2012 Elsevier España, S.L. Todos los derechos reservados. 3UHYHQFLyQGHORVWUDVWRUQRVGHODVDOXGPHQWDO WUDFLyQHQXQDVRFLHGDGGRQGHODFRPSHWLWLYLGDGHVFDVLOD UHJOD\HOp[LWRXQPDQGDWRVRFLDO $QWHHVWDVVLWXDFLRQHVODVSRVLEOHVHVWUDWHJLDVSDUDPHMRUDUODVDOXGPHQWDOGHODVSHUVRQDV\SUHYHQLUVXVWUDVWRUQRV VHUtDQ La promoción de la salud mental y la prevención primaria de sus trastornos. +R\\DWHQHPRVVXÀFLHQWHVGDWRV SDUDDYDODUODVFRPRHVWUDWHJLDVHÀFDFHVSDUDUHGXFLUOD LQFLGHQFLDGHORVWUDVWRUQRVPHQWDOHVSDUDFRQVHUYDUOD VDOXG\SDUDFRQWULEXLUDOGHVDUUROORVRFLDO\HFRQyPLFR  /  DSURPRFLyQGHODVDOXGPHQWDOWLHQHFRPRREMHWLYROD SURWHFFLyQHODSR\RHOVRSRUWHHPRFLRQDO\HOELHQHVWDU VRFLDODVtFRPRFUHDUODVFRQGLFLRQHVLQGLYLGXDOHVVRFLDOHV\DPELHQWDOHVTXHSHUPLWDQHOGHVDUUROORSVLFRÀVLROyJLFRySWLPRFRQHOPD\RUUHVSHWRSRUODFXOWXUDOD HTXLGDGODMXVWLFLDVRFLDO\ODGLJQLGDGSHUVRQDO6yORHQ HVHPHGLRHFROyJLFRODVSHUVRQDVVHUiQFDSDFHVGH´DPDU \WUDEDMDUGLVIUXWDU\WROHUDUµXQDIRUPDVHQFLOOD\GLUHFWDGHGHÀQLUODVDOXGPHQWDOSDUDQXHVWURVPHGLRV6.  +R\\DHVSRVLEOHODSUHYHQFLyQGHORVWUDVWRUQRVPHQWDOHVPHGLDQWHLQWHUYHQFLRQHVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQODFULDQ]D \ORVFXLGDGRVWHPSUDQRVODVD\XGDVSVLFROyJLFDV\SVLFRVRFLDOHVLQGLYLGXDOHV\IDPLOLDUHV\PHGLDQWHPpWRGRV SVLFRHGXFDWLYRVRULHQWDGDVDODSUHQGL]DMHGHODIURQWDPLHQWRGHVLWXDFLRQHVYLWDOHVHVWUHVDQWHV HYLWDQGROD PHGLFDOL]DFLyQGHODYLGDFRWLGLDQD 7RGRHOORSXHGH UHDOL]DUVHGHIRUPDHÀFD]HÀFLHQWH\VHJXUDHQWRGDV ODVHWDSDVYLWDOHV\HVSHFLDOPHQWHHQODSULPHUDLQIDQFLDODHGDGHVFRODU\ODDGROHVFHQFLD\HQODPXMHUGXUDQWHHOHPEDUD]RSDUWR\SXHUSHULR La detección precoz e intervención temprana del trastorno mental grave,\WDQFHUFDGHODFRPXQLGDG\GHOHQWRUQRDIHFWLYR\IDPLOLDUGHOSDFLHQWHFRPRVHDSRVLEOH La atención integral y coordinada.$VHJXUDQGRODFRQWLQXLGDGGHORVFXLGDGRV\ODLQWHJUDFLyQGHVHUYLFLRV RULHQWiQGRORVDODSURPRFLyQGHODDXWRQRPtDSHUVRQDO\ DODUHLQVHUFLyQUHODFLRQDOVRFLDO\ODERUDO 3DUDFRQVHJXLUHVWRVREMHWLYRVOD206DERJDSRUODLQWHJUDFLyQGHODVDOXGPHQWDOHQODDWHQFLyQSULPDULD $3  LQIRUPH206:21&$ 7GRQGHHOSULPHUQLYHOGHDWHQFLyQ SXHGHUHVXOWDUGHWHUPLQDQWHHQODSUHYHQFLyQGHORVWUDVWRUQRVPHQWDOHV\HQODSURPRFLyQGHODVDOXGPHQWDOFRODERUDQGRHQODHGXFDFLyQGHODIDPLOLD\GHODFRPXQLGDG 3RURWURODGROD$3GHVDOXG $36 SXHGHMXJDUXQSDSHO LPSRUWDQWHHQODFRQWLQXLGDGGHFXLGDGRV\HQHOVHJXLPLHQWRWHUDSpXWLFRDVtFRPRFRQVWLWXLUXQHOHPHQWRGHHQODFH HQWUHODFRPXQLGDG\ORVVHUYLFLRVGHVDOXGPHQWDO/DDFFHVLELOLGDGHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODIDPLOLD\GHOFRQWH[WRSRU SDUWHGHORVSURIHVLRQDOHVGH$3SXHGHQIDYRUHFHUHVWDIXQFLyQFRRUGLQDGRUDFRQORVVHUYLFLRVHVSHFLDOL]DGRV\ORVVHUYLFLRVVRFLDOHVPX\LPSRUWDQWHVSDUDHVWHWLSRGHSDFLHQWHV 7DPELpQHVQHFHVDULRDGHPiVGHODIRUPDFLyQHQVDOXG PHQWDOTXHXQPpGLFRGHIDPLOLDGHEDWHQHUODVHQVLELOLGDG \HOFRPSURPLVRHQHODERUGDMHSVLFRVRFLDO/D206QRVUHFXHUGD´/DDWHQFLyQDODVDOXGPHQWDODGLIHUHQFLDGH RWUDVPXFKDViUHDVGHODVDOXGQRSUHFLVDHQJHQHUDOWHFQRORJtDFRVWRVD/RTXHUHTXLHUHHVHOWUDEDMRVHQVLEOHGH SHUVRQDOGHELGDPHQWHIRUPDGRHQHOXVRGHIiUPDFRVUHODWLYDPHQWHEDUDWRV\ODVKDELOLGDGHVGHVRSRUWHSVLFROyJLFR HQHOiPELWRH[WUDKRVSLWDODULRµ .  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